Bone Diseases :: essays research papers fc

Bone diseases most directly influence the ability to walk or to move any part of the body--hands, limbs, neck, and spine. They are related to joint disorders--ARTHRITIS, COLLAGEN DISEASE, DISLOCATION of joints, and RHEUMATISM. The medical specialty pertaining to bone disorders is ORTHOPEDICS. Fractures are the most common bone disorders. They can occur as the result of an accident or be secondary to metabolic diseases. Fractures are life-threatening to aged people having the metabolic bone disease OSTEOPOROSIS, in which bones become porous and brittle. A person, mostly women, having osteoporosis may break a hip during a fall and possibly die from complications. Birth Defects Congenital bone diseases constitute a wide spectrum, ranging from the unimportant--for instance, mild bow legs--to severe lesions, such as spina bifida, in which the lower end of the spine fails to develop properly and the baby is born with paralysis and misshapen vertebrae. Congenital diseases may have hormonal bases: for example, fibrous DYSPLASIA, in which fibrous tissue replaces that of some bones, often results in bone deformity; in addition, some girls with this disease physically mature so early that they are capable of pregnancy and childbirth at the age of seven. Congenital defects also may have genetic bases, as in families who have extra fingers or toes or in the disease osteogenesis imperfecta, in which children have such brittle bones that many are fractured. Disorders of growth and development include several kinds of dwarfism and gigantism. Bones or limbs may develop deformity as the result of known causes, such as the infection poliomyelitis, or unknown or variable causes, such as curvature of the spine (SCOLIOSIS) or CLUBFOOT. Infections Infections of bone, called osteomyelitis, are usually caused by pus-producing bacteria, especially Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Before the development of antibiotics, children frequently contracted this disease. Today bone infections are introduced primarily through fractures and during surgical operations. People infected with syphilis, tuberculosis, leprosy, or yaws are susceptible to bone damage. Metabolic Disorders Metabolic abnormalities often involve defects in the storage of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate ions, in the skeleton. Diseases of the kidney can cause a metabolic imbalance of phosphate and calcium so that weakening of the bone occurs. Other metabolic bone diseases are osteoporosis, gout, OSTEOARTHRITIS, and PAGET'S DISEASE. Nutritional Disorders Nutritional deficiencies that result in bone damage include RICKETS in children and osteomalacia in adults, caused by a lack of vitamin D. In children, calcium and phosphate are poorly distributed on bones during development, resulting especially in deformity of the legs and arms. In adults, bones of the spine, pelvis, and legs become demineralized and the bones weaken. SCURVY--caused by a lack of vitamin C--also affects bone tissues. A study in the late 1980s indicated that the mineral boron is nutritionally important, as well. Apparently, it reduces loss of the bone minerals

Macbeth as Tragedy Essay

Shakespeare’s Macbeth is often considered one of literature’s greatest tragedies and is said to reveal much about human nature. Do you agree or disagree that the play conveys much about humanity or about the human experience? What, if anything, does the work suggest about human beings or society? Support your views with textual details and analysis. In your response, address how Macbeth’s subject matter, themes, form, or other literary elements might (or might not) be characteristic of tragedy. How do tragic qualities of the play contribute (or not) to the story’s larger message(s)? Macbeth has always been a play of interest in any age groups. I remember this play in my high school but then which school does not get involved with this play. I do agree with the statement that Macbeth reveals much about human nature. Macbeth reveals the dark side of human nature; ambition, hunger for control and power, it shows us the aftermath that it leaves behind. The play suggests the dark tendencies that lives within many of the human beings in our society; the need to succeed and annihilate their obstacles at any cost: human beings are opportunistic. Macbeth shows us how far a person will go to in order to realize their own ambitions; even to commit a killing. Free will exists in humanity and everyone has the potential for good and the commit evil deeds. The Macbeth’s lust for power and greed ends up in grim tragedy. Macbeth starts off as a hero; a brave warrior in the battlefield, standing behind his king and protecting his land. This is what makes Macbeth a tragic hero. â€Å"Tragic hero: A main character who acts with courage but falls from high standing into catastrophic circumstances because of a weakness of character or serious misjudgment. (Clugston, 2010, page. 4. 4, para. 3). Lady Macbeth is willing to lose her soul in order to push her husband’s faith to be king a reality and sooner; she asks the gods to remove all compassion and femininity and replace with cold and ruthless qualities; this symbolizes the darkness of human nature. The Macbeth’s had it all but failed to recognize it due to having their dark ambitions take over them; consuming them and this is the tragedy. The literary elements are the motifs, they are the hallucinations and violence; these motifs lead to tragedy end of the Macbeth’s.

Lord of the Flies Characters Description, Significance

William Goldings Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel about a group of schoolboys stranded on a deserted island without any adult supervision. Free from the restraints of society, the boys form their own civilization, which quickly descends into chaos and violence. Through this tale, Golding explores fundamental questions about human nature. In fact, each character can be interpreted as an essential element of the allegory. Ralph Confident, calm, and physically capable, Ralph is the novels protagonist. He runs around the island effortlessly and is able to blow the conch at will. This combination of good looks and physical competence makes him the natural leader of the group, and he assumes this role without hesitation. Ralph is a sensible character. As soon as the boys arrive on the island, he takes off his school uniform, recognizing that it is unsuitable for the hot, tropical weather. He is also pragmatic, showing no hesitation over this symbolic loss of their former lifestyle. In this way, he differs greatly from some of the other boys, who cling to scraps of their former lives. (Recall Littl’un Percival, who regularly chants his home address as if a policeman will somehow overhear him and bring him home.) In the novels allegorical structure, Ralph represents civilization and order. His immediate instinct is to organize the boys by setting up a system of government. He is careful to wait for democratic approval before assuming the role of Chief, and his orders are sensible and practical: build shelters, start a signal fire, and set up a system to ensure the fire doesn’t go out. Ralph isn’t perfect, however. He is susceptible to the lure of violence just like the other boys, as evidenced by his role in Simon’s death. In the end, he survives not because of his orderly authority but rather through his ultimate embrace of his animal instinct as he runs through the jungle. Piggy Piggy, the second character we meet in the novel, is a chubby, ungainly boy with a history of being bullied. Piggy is not very physically capable, but he is well-read and intelligent, and he frequently offers excellent suggestions and ideas. He wears glasses Piggy immediately allies himself with Ralph and remains his steadfast ally throughout their grueling adventure. However, Piggy’s loyalty stems more from his awareness that he is powerless on his own than from true friendship. It is only through Ralph that Piggy has any authority or agency, and as Ralph’s grip on the other boys diminishes, Piggys does too. As an allegorical figure, Piggy represents the civilizing forces of knowledge and science. It’s notable that Piggy emerges shortly after Ralph on the beach, as science and knowledge require a civilizing force before they can come into fruition. Piggys value is represented by his glasses, which the boys utilize as a scientific instrument to create fire. When Piggy loses possession and control of the glasses, he becomes less capable physically (suggesting the limits of knowledges influence), and the glasses become a magical totem instead of a scientific tool. Jack Jack is Ralph’s rival for authority on the island. Described as unattractive and aggressive, Jack believes he should be the Chief, and he resents Ralph’s easy authority and popularity. He is quickly presented as Ralph and Piggy’s enemy, and he begins undermining their authority from the moment they attain it. Of all the boys, Jack is the least bothered by the experience of being stranded on a deserted island. He seems fairly happy to be free to do as he likes, and he hates the way Ralph attempts to limit this newfound freedom with rules. Jack seeks to regain his ultimate freedom throughout the novel, first by merely breaking Ralphs rules, and then by establishing an alternative society that indulges in the physical pleasures of barbarism. While he initially seems to represent fascism and authority-worship, Jack actually represents anarchy. He rejects any limitations on his personal desires, including the desire to inflict harm on and eventually kill others. He is the opposite of Ralph, and from the very beginning of the novel, it is clear they cannot co-exist in a single society. Simon Simon is shy and timid, but has a strong moral compass and sense of self. He behaves according to his inner sense of right and wrong, even as the other boys become increasingly violent and chaotic. In fact, Simon is the only boy who does not engage in any sort of violence. Simon represents spirituality and can be interpreted as a Christ-like figure. He has a prophetic hallucination in which he speaks to the Lord of the Flies; afterwards, he discovers that the feared Beast does not exist. He rushes to share this information with the other boys, who panic at the sound of Simons frenzy and kill him. Roger Roger is Jack’s second-in-command, and he is arguably more cruel and savage than Jack. While Jack enjoys power and the title of Chief, Roger disdains authority and has a singleminded desire to hurt and destroy. He represents true savagery. At first, he is held back from his worst desires by just one memory of civilization: the fear of punishment. When he realizes that no punishment will come, he transforms into an elemental force of evil. Roger is the boy who ultimately kills Piggy, symbolically destroying sense and wisdom in favor or raw violence. Sam and Eric (Samneric) Sam and Eric are a pair of twins, referred to collectively by the name Samneric. Samneric are steadfast followers of Ralph until the very end of the novel, when they are captured and forcibly inducted into Jack’s tribe. The twins, who cling to the old ways of civilization, are representative of the majority of humankind. They represent the faceless populations that make up large societies, particularly in the eyes of governments. Samneric do not have much agency in the story, and they are dominated by forces around them. Their transition to Jack’s tribe represents the final fall of civilization.

Forming the Past Tense of Regular Verbs

The tense of a verb suggests the time of its action—present, past, or future. We rely on the past tense to show that an action has already been completed. Adding -d or -ed to Form the Past Tense In the following sentences, the verbs in bold are in the past tense: Wallace moved into his new house last Saturday.Yesterday I visited him for tea. Both move and visit are called regular verbs because they have the same past-tense ending of -ed. If the present form of a regular verb ends in -e, we add -d to form the past tense: Wallace and Gromit move frequently. (present tense)Wallace and Gromit moved into their new house last Saturday. (past tense) If the present form of a regular verb ends in a letter other than -e, we usually add -ed to form the past tense: I visit Wallace and Gromit every Tuesday evening. (present tense)Yesterday I visited them for tea. (past tense) Note that a spelling rule comes into play with verbs ending in -y. If the present form of a regular verb ends in -y preceded by a consonant (for example, cry, fry, try, carry), change the y to i and add -ed to form the past tense (cried, fried, tried, carried): Wallace and Gromit carry the cheese and crackers into the kitchen. (present tense)Wallace and Gromit carried the cheese and crackers into the kitchen. (past tense) Because all regular verbs have the same -ed ending in the past tense no matter what the subject is, subject-verb agreement is not a problem. The Different Sounds of the -ed Ending Dont let the sound of an -ed ending ever trick you into making a spelling error when you form the past tense. While we do hear a d sound at the end of some verbs (for example, moved and visited), we hear a t sound at the end of others (promised, laughed). Also, if you have a habit when you speak of clipping off word endings, dont do this when you write. No matter what sound you hear or fail to hear when you pronounce a regular verb in the past tense, be careful when you write to add -d or -ed at the end. EXERCISE: Forming the Past Tense of Regular Verbs The first sentence in each set below contains a verb in the present tense. Complete the second sentence in each set by adding -d or -ed to the verb in parentheses to form the past tense. When youre done, compare your responses with the answers at the end of the exercise. Carrot Top uses unusual props in his comedy act. Recently he (use) a double-wide toilet seat.Halleys Comet appears every 76 years. It last (appear) in 1986.We rarely punish the children. However, we (punish) them yesterday for spray-painting the dog.Wallace likes knitting and reading the newspaper. Even as a boy, he (like) to invent things.Wallace enjoys Wensleydale cheese and a nice cup of tea. When he was younger, Wallace (enjoy) cheddar cheese.I usually purchase a season ticket from the box office. Yesterday I (purchase) a ticket over the Internet.Gromit graduates from college today. Last year he (graduate) from Dogwarts University.Please carry this invention upstairs for me. I (carry) it into the house.Mookie and Buddy cry when they are hungry. Last night they (cry) for over an hour.Gromit tries very hard to be helpful. He (try) too hard last week. ANSWERS:1. used; 2. appeared; 3. punished; 4. liked; 5. enjoyed; 6. purchased; 7. graduated; 8. carried; 9. cried; 10. tried.

The Battle Of The Second Triumvirate - 2571 Words

The Battle of Philippi was the last fought battle of the wars of the second Triumvirate. These wars were a fight between the forces of Marc Antony and Octavian of the Second Triumvirate, and the forces of Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. Brutus and Cassius were the assassinators of Julius Caesar, Marc Antony and Octavian were very close allies with Julius Caesar and Octavian would become the heir to his throne after the assassination. Because of this, Marc Antony and Octavian would wage a war against Brutus and Cassius to avenge their ally Julius Caesar. Immediately following the assassination of Caesar, Brutus and Cassius fled to Italy to take control of the Eastern provinces. The three main Caesarian leaders, Antony,†¦show more content†¦With the arrival of Republican admiral Gnaeus Domitus Ahenobarbus, communications back to Italy were made very difficult because of the large fleet of ships that he brought with him which blockaded the triumvirate. These fl eets of the Liberators did not wish to engage in a physical battle with the Triumvirate, but only to block their communications with their supply base back in Italy. With this swarming fleet they were able to outflank the Triumvirate and set up their own defensive positions forcing Norbanus and Saxa to retreat from their positions moving west giving the Liberators the upper hand at this spot. Brutus and Cassius were able to gain position on the Via Egnatia on each side with this fleet. To the north and south were impassable marshes and mountains. Brutus and Cassius then split their forces each manning a North and South defensive position of the Via Egnatia. After arriving to the scene, Marc Antony put his troops to the south while Octavian put his troops to the north, preparing for battle with the Liberators. Marcus Junius Brutus was always known in history as being too soft of a general. Although he had little successful battle victories in Thrace and Lycia, he had always been jud ged as being lacking in authority when it came to the generalship of his troops. Because of this, Brutus was commonly referred to as a statesman than a military commander. The other Liberator commander, Gaius

Passionate Shepherd free essay sample

Comparison Essay: The Passionate Shepherd, Song, My Papas Waltz Love and Hate: Does True Love Conquer All? In recent discussions of love and hate, a controversial issue has been presented: can true love conquer all adversity? On one hand, some argue that love has its limitation. From this perspective, many will claim that familial love cannot conquer a violent home with a violent father. On the other hand, however, others argue that love can conquer any obstacle that appears in a relationship, whether material or natural.In the words of one of this view’s main proponents, â€Å"Come live with me and be my love, and we will all the pleasures prove that valleys, groves, hills, and fields, woods, or steepy mountain yields (Marlowe 777). † According to this view, love is enough to move mountains. In sum, this issue is whether love can conquer all adversity or if love has its limitations that cannot be overcome. My own view is that no matter what type of love, romantic or familial, love can conquer anything.Though I concede that there will always be struggles in the way of loving another person, I still maintain that in the end love will overcome. Although some may object that my views are too idealistic, I reply that love in and of itself is extremely idealistic. What force, when all is said and done, is stronger than love? In the Passionate Shepherd, the speaker offers his lover a multitude of delights to persuade her love in his favor. At the very beginning of the poem he states his intention that we will all the pleasures prove (Marlowe 777) creating a basis upon which all his promises are centered.These intentions are masked in the speakers persuasive nature as he seduces his love with romantic images of Melodious birds singing madrigals (Marlowe 777). It can also be observed that all the gifts which represent the speakers love are all fabricated from nature, such as A cap of flowers, and a kirtle, embroidered all with leaves of myrtle (Marlowe 777). Due to the fact that all substances of nature eventually die, this could imply that as the gifts will die so will his love for her. â€Å"Song† by C.Day Lewis is a more practical and honest view of a love offering. The dream-like qualities of â€Å"The Passionate Shepard† are replaced with more realistic expectations. When the author speaks of an evening by the sour canals, well hope to hear some madrigals (Lewis 779) he knows that because of the pollution they will more likely hear the songs of seagulls, boats, horns, and obscenities. Although both poems express romantic love, the speaker in Song does not try to impress his love with grandeur like the Shepherd. He does not proclaim the gifts he can give her but emphasizes that his love is displayed through the hardships he endures. The speaker in this poem simply offers his honesty. He promises that thou shalt read of summer frocks (Lewis 779). This demonstrates that the speaker offers what he can, and does not fabricate stories about the way things will be. In 1993, Helen Fisher said, â€Å"Pair-bonding is a trademark of the human animal. † She specifically spoke about love from an evolutionary perspective.Adult bonds of love, like those expressed in â€Å"Song† and â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd,† are most satisfying and enduring when marked by a similarity of interests and value, a sharing of emotional and material support, and intimate self-disclosure. None of these components are expressed in either poem about love except for the material aspects. Romantic love can be expressed by couples showering one another with affection. Other couples raise their voices yet also seldom praise one another. Both styles can last. But in the end, does true love conquers all? (Myers 217)Like the speaker in The Passionate Shepherd the speaker in â€Å"Song†, will all the pleasures prove (Lewis 779). † The difference being that the speaker from Song offers it only on the chance that employment may afford it (Lewis 779) Whereas the speaker in The Passionate Shepherd promises to make A gown of the finest wool (Marlowe 777). When the speaker in â€Å"Song† says Care on thy maidens brow shall put / A wreath of wrinkles, and thy foot / Be shod with pain: not silken dress / But toil shall tire thy loveliness (Lewis 779) he gives an indirect compliment to her beauty while emphasizing that love requires work. Despite the absence of material objects, he still tries to be romantic. In â€Å"My Papas Waltz† Theodore Roethke describes an episode in his childhood. In this, what seems to be regular, occurrence his drunken father comes home for the night reeking of alcohol and begins dancing with him. Roethke describes his fathers hands as being battered on one knuckle and extremely soiled. They romped until the pans slid from the kitchen shelf (Roethke 800). † This made his mother so upset that she could do nothing but frown. Finally, his father waltzed him on to bed. My Papa’s Waltz† offers an example of a different kind of love than the romantic love of Song and The Passionate Shepard: familial love. The child’s love and respect for his father is illustrated in the things he overlooks just to be able to carry out the dance. Although â€Å"The whiskey your [his father’s] breath could make a small boy dizzy (Roethke 800)† the â€Å"child hung on like death (Roethke 800). † The speaker also overlooks the pain of his ear scraping against a belt buckle at every â€Å"missed step† of his drunken father just to continue his waltz.Roethke also indirectly implies his respect for his father by stating that his hand is, â€Å"caked hard with dirt (Roethke 800). † This is representative of his father having had a hard day at work. In â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden, the poet relinquishes on a regular occurrence in his childhood, similarly to â€Å"My Father’s Waltz. † On Sunday mornings, just as any other morning, his father rises early and puts on his clothes in the cold darkness. He then goes out in the cold and splits fire wood with which he uses to start a fire in the house.After the entire house is warm he calls the rest of his family out of bed. He does not get any thanks for doing this, but that does not seem to matter. Robert Hayden uses a different approach to imply his familial love and respect for his father. He uses an example of a regular occasion that he did not pay much attention to when he was a child but now that he is an adult he looks back on it with the utmost respect. Just as any other day his father gets up bright and early on Sunday mornings. He puts on his clothes in the cold darkness and goes outside to split firewood.

The Senior Essay Example For Students

The Senior Essay The Senior essay is written by University or College English students. It is also done by students in other departments and faculties. The project is usually lengthy (40pages usually) and is undertaken with the aid and guidance of your Advisor. It is usually undertaken by senior English majors and this senior essay provides an opportunity for the student to pursue a special interest especially those who love writing long term papers and work independently. It is demanding and it is advisable to take the Senior Seminar if in doubts of what the Senior Essay would require. It can cover a topic in literature, poetry and other aspects of modern interest. We will write a custom essay on The Senior specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some of the reasons why the senior essay is written are; It is a satisfying way of fulfilling one semester of the senior requirement. Writing it provides an opportunity for those who are eager to pursue a special interest. Writing it provides an opportunity for those who like to write long papers. It allows expression for those who work well independently. The Senior Essay has as its component an intensive research and writing project (critical, not created as it is intended to make the student dig deep and not merely put together what they imagine) undertaken with the guidance of a faculty advisor. The Senior Essay is not a prerequisite for finishing the English major, nor is it compulsory for getting a distinction in the major. The Senior Essay is important because of the devotion it demands from scholars and the knowledge with which it rewards them while they are reading for it. In modern times, many scholars find the knowledge they gained while preparing the Senior Essay of great essence to their private lives. Since it allows independence while working with the Faculty Advisor, it also allows the student to work independently and can thus be enabled to work on their own with little intervention. A student who also takes interest in particular writers like Virginia Woolf, George Eliot, Jane Austen and others can also adopt their works for his Senior Essay and this sort of specialization helps the student discover himself while preparing his Senior Essay and to pick a topic where he/she can plant deep roots. It is necessary to warn the student in advance that a Senior Essay entails inexorable deadlines and sometimes tiring effort; it can be thrilling and exciting to write, but only if there is commitment. Procrastination has proven a tragic error. Given an essay of this magnitude, it is not advisable to leave studying, analysis, and thinking until the last minute. Time is of the essence when the Senior Thesis is involved. An introduction into how the Senior Essay is written is that, in addition to the prospectus and final draft, you will be asked to hand in, at the end of four weeks, five to ten pages of work done or, if appropriate, an annotated bibliography so that you, your advisor, and the department will know how your work is making headway relatively early in the term. It is expected that you meet with your advisor very often as he will do the analysis of the bibliography and ensure that you are in line will bringing in other bits and pieces of experience. This is sine qua non as his role and place cannot be taken too lightly. He or she can chip in bits and pieces of editing and changes that need to be done in the work. An example can be found in some of the already published works such as Re-envisioning Health: The Creative Force of Illness for Virginia Woolf’s Women and also Henry James, George Eliot, and the Ethics of Attention. The earlier mentioned topics are some examples of Senior Essays. .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 , .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .postImageUrl , .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 , .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51:hover , .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51:visited , .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51:active { border:0!important; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51:active , .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51 .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e5936af0a7728b9ae395eeb080f5c51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Warren G. Harding EssayFor a person who loves poetry, there are several poems across the world to choose and because they are English students may be better exposed to Literature (modern literature) and the various forms of it. The introduction and conclusion of the essay are necessary and should be taken important as they influence the overall appearance of the work. Usually, a completed senior essay consists of 30- 40 pages. There is really no limitation to the number of pages that can be used. Specific Requirements for the Senior Essay are; On the last week of classes, you are expected to submit an application form. It should contain (a) a report of your topic (which can be anything including issues of modern interests) (b) an index of the reading and research (both main and subordinate) you aim to take on. (c) an outline of the preliminary and advanced courses you have taken that have equipped you to work on your topic independently (d) some meetings scheduled with your advisor (e) a signature from your advisor By the conclusion of the fourth week, the student can submit a few pages of their writing. This is necessary to show how far they have gone with the work and to reflect the possibility of getting the project done. By the close of the ninth week, the student must hand in his/her rough draft. If you fail to submit on time either the initial draft or the introductory work described above, you may not get a grade higher than B+ in your essay. Â  The concluding essay should be submitted by noon on the Friday of the final week of classes in the fall term, and the same goes for the spring term In conclusion, after going through the earlier listed processes, what is done is that it will be read through, graded, and commented upon by your advisor and by an additional reader selected by the Senior Essay Committee. the reports from the two readers will be available from two to three weeks after you submit the last draft although this may vary in other places. The department will retain a copy on file so that future students can see use it as a template and be creative with theirs.